Guiris and Phoenicians

“And as we find in a book of laws called Digesto that city used to be called Guiris because it was created by Garfeus, son of Canaan and grandson of Noah.”

Last week I took a wander through various northern etymologies of the word guiri. Apart from their weaknesses, the examination of alternatives is worthwhile because of the word’s occurrence prior to the Carlist wars. Here for example is part of La Gran Conquista de Ultramar, written around 1295 by Señor Anon:

Chapter 143 How King Baldwin of Jerusalem took the city of Beirut
In that same year [1110] that King Baldwin of Jerusalem made his offer to the Holy Church (as you have heard) he thought in his heart that it would be best if he went into battle for Jesus Christ as soon as possible. And knowing that galleys had come to his domain which could help him take a city on the coast. And therefore when the month of February came his people gathered and he went to lay siege to the city of Beirut [baruc], which is between Sidon [saeta] and Byblos [gibelet] in the land of Phoenicia: and those two cities the southern archbishop [Dagobert of Pisa?]. And when the Romans ruled the world they prized and lovely that place greatly and they gave it great liberties. And as we find in a book of laws called Digesto [Pandectas, 6th century Byzantine emperor Justinian I‘s lawbook?] that city used to be called Guiris because it was created by Garfeus, son of Canaan and [great] grandson of Noah.

Unfortunately my fuddled bonce is unable to conjure up a relative or inhabitant of Canaan with a name remotely resembling Garfeus. If Beirut was indeed once called Guiris by someone then this could also have been in reference to its characteristic cypress trees (eh?). The Jewish Encyclopedia says that

Modern scholars derive [Beirut’s] name from Aramaic and Syriac ), “cypress,” the name of the whole country, φοινίκη, being similarly derived from the palm.

Hellenising, you get kyparissos, which–given the facility with which people seem to have swapped |k| for |g| in various parts of the Mediterranean–is not a million miles away from guiris. And the Phoenicians did come to Spain in large numbers, being notable, like modern-day guiris, for their comparative wealth, their depraved sexuality (Leviticus 18:27), their funny language, but not, unfortunately, for their blonde hair.

I’ll post my modified and extended version of Juan Goytisolo’s Semitic etymology sometime next week.

The Phoenicians in Spain: An Archaeological Review of the Eighth-Sixth Centuries B.C.E. : A Collection of Articles Translated from SpanishSpain: A HistoryJerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern IsraelThe First Crusade: A New HistoryThe Phoenicians in History and LegendCory's Ancient Fragments of the Phoenician, Carthaginian, Babylonian, Egyptian and Other Writers (1876)Each Man Cried Out to His God: The Specialized Religion of Canaanite and Phoenician Seafarers (Harvard Semitic Monographs)Canaanite Myths and Legends

Here’s the whole of the chapter. Translation and historical corrections welcome. For example, this text says that the city was taken in 1103. Are they counting differently or confused, or have I screwed up?
Capitulo .cxliij. como tomo el rey Baldouin de hierusalem la cibdad de baruc.
EN aquel año mismo que el rey baldouin de hierusalem ouo fecho su ofrenda ala santa yglesia assi como oystes penso en su coraçon que mejor podria entrar en batalla por iesu xpisto que antes. E supo en como eran venidas galeas a su tierra que le podrian ayudar a tomar alguna cibdad dela marisma. E porende quando entro el mes de febrero llego toda su gente & fue a cercar la cibdad de baruc que es entre saeta & gibelet enla tierra de fenicia: & aquestas dos cibdades obedescen al arçobispo de sur. E quando los romanos señoreauan al mundo preciauan & amauan mucho aquel lugar & dieranle muy grande franqueza. E assi como fallamos en vn libro de leyes que llaman digesto fue llamada aquella cibdad antiguamente guiris porque la fizo garfeus el fijo de canaam & nieto de noe. A aquel lugar vino el rey de hierusalem con su gente & fue con el conde beltran de tripol: & llegaronse ala cibdad vnas pocas naues de moros que eran mouidas de asur & de saeta que eran cargadas de armas & de cauallos & de viandas & bien bastescidas de gente que si ouieran entrado enla cibdad de baruc los que la tenian cercada se estuuieran alli embalde & perdieran ay su tiempo mas la flota que el rey traya no osaua andar por la mar & metieranse enel puerto de baruc: & por aquello no podian salir fuera los dela villa por aquella parte ni podian entrar dentro por mar. E por aquesto perdieron el acorro delas naues: & cerca de aquella cibdad hauia vn monte muy fermoso de pinos que llamauan el pinar de baruc que fizo gran prouecho alos xpistianos. ca tomauan ende madera de que fazian engeños & guaridas & escalas con que los guerreauan de noche & de dia: assi que los dela villa no se podian valer: & estuuieron assi dos meses & vn dia ouieron gran despecho de que tardauan tanto en aquella cerca: & por aquello combatieron los mas de rezio que no solian. E los que estauan enlos castillos de madera entendieron que estauan los dela villa desmayados & muy espantados: & allegaronse tanto alos muros que saltaron sobre los andamios. E los xpistianos quando vieron que su gente estaua encima echaron las escalas al muro & subieron a gran priessa: & tantos entraron que abrieron vna puerta dela villa: & los dela hueste entraron dentro: & los turcos dela villa fueron se hazia la mar cuydando escapar: mas los que estauan enlas galeas los rescibieron con sus espadas muy cruelmente: & hizieron los tornar contra la villa. E estonce fue tan grande la mortandad como los cogieron en medio que todas las calles corrian sangre: mas aquellos que quedaron pidieron merced al rey a muy grandes bozes que los no matassen. E el rey ouo dellos piedad & hizo pregonar que no fuesse ninguno tan osado que matasse mas: & desta manera fue tomada la cibdad de Baruc: quando andaua el año de la encarnacion de Jesu cristo en mil & ciento & tres años el postrimero dia del mes de abril.

Similar posts


Comments

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *